{"id":111,"date":"2018-01-12T11:27:02","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T17:27:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/?page_id=111"},"modified":"2026-08-25T07:33:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T12:33:35","slug":"diet-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/reference\/nursing-2\/diet-nutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"Diet & Nutrition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

A note about these archived materials<\/h2>\n\n\n

This page preserves study notes prepared during earlier coursework. It has not been comprehensively revised to reflect current clinical, scientific, testing, or regulatory standards. It is provided for educational and historical reference only\u2014not as medical advice, a treatment guide, or a substitute for current course materials and authoritative health guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n

Return to The Study<\/a>  |  Visit Body & Grace<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\nPart of this class is service work. Beginning next week we will meet with various places to find which company has a need which works with Diet & Nutrition.\n\nDaily needs requirement\n2600 kcal\/day\n85 grams of fat\n60 grams of proteins\n250 grams of carbohydrates\n240 milligrams cholesterol\n30 grams fiber\n40-55 grams sugar\/day\n\nWalking is the best way to lose weight.\n\nNutrients-nourishing substances we derive from food.\nChronic-24 hour\/day or long lasting\nSaiety-fullness or satisfaction\nHunger-physical desire to eat\nAppetite-physiological desire to eat\nBalance-variety\nModeration-portion size\n\nClasses of nutrients\n\nFats-Lipids\nCarbohydrates\nProteins\nVitamins\nMinerals\nWater\u00a0 (In cold weather you need to hydrate more)\n\nSettings for Refrigerator 42 degrees, Freezer 32 degrees, and water heater 120 degrees\n\nWhat affects appetite?\nwater, health, exercise, smell, texture, mood, metabolism, medication, visualization, stress, hormones, gender, environment, ads and restaurants.\n\nAnimal fats are good for you.\u00a0 Ten Things you need to know about losing weight<\/a>.\n\nPhytochemicals\u00a0 Chemicals in plant variety is good things\u00a0 Which fight cardiovascular disease and cancer – brightly colored from fruits & veggies green leaf vegetables, onions, garlic, whole grain LDL microgreens\n\nAntibiotics\n\nFunctional foods:\u00a0 foods which provide health benefits & nutrients above & beyond what is found in foods\nSuperfood:\u00a0 brightly colored berries, *avocado, acai berries & juice, broccoli, eggs\n\n*Nutrient dense:\u00a0 has more nutrient needs than energy needs ex. fruits & veggies\n\nEnergy dense:\u00a0 provides more energy needs than nutrients needs ex. cheese, cakes, cookies, chips\n\nserving equivalents<\/span>\n\npalm in the your hand = 3 oz\nthumb = 1 oz\nmatchbox = 1 oz\nbar of soap = 3 oz\nice cream scoop = 1\/2 cup\ntennis ball = med serving\nyoyo or hockey puck = 1 bagel\ngolf ball = 2 Tbs.\n\nDesigning a diet\n

    \n\t
  1. Aim for fitness<\/li>\n\t
  2. Build a healthy base<\/li>\n\t
  3. choose sensibly<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nLabels\nserving size\nk\/cal per serving\nFat content: saturated; unsaturated; transfat\n
      \n\t
    1. 90% heart disease from trans fat\u00a0 ex. margarine<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nRDA, Country of Origin \u00a0\u00a0 BMI bad tool\n\nNutritional state\n
        \n\t
      1. anthropometric measurements – heights, weight, circumference<\/li>\n\t
      2. biochemical analysis<\/li>\n\t
      3. physical analysis 3 or 4 hours<\/li>\n\t
      4. dietary analysis\n
          \n\t
        1. desirable nutrition – adequate amounts to sustain body system<\/li>\n\t
        2. over nutrition – exceed nutrients amounts that the body doesn’t need<\/li>\n\t
        3. under nutrition (malnutrition) nutrient needs are not adequate to sustain body systems<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\t
        4. economic analysis\n
            \n\t
          1. rat healthy\/day $36.75<\/li>\n\t
          2. unhealthy\/day $17.75<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nSubclinical deficiency – showing no outward symptoms\n\nClinical symptoms- look at eyes (sclera), observe hair, nail beds (Anorexia<\/span>), tongue pinkest color, no odor or no film; skin (dehydration if skin when doesn’t go back dehydration).\n\nSugar-free – less than 0.5 grams per serving\nHigh fiber – 5 grams are more\/serving\nEnriched or fortified – vitamin & nutrients added in excess of 10%\nLean – less than 10 grams of fat, 95 mg cholesterol, 4.5 grams saturated\nOrganic – no fertilizers, hormones, antibodies, irradiation or sewage sludge\n\nThe Human Body\n\nNutritional Diseases with a genetic link\n\nDiabetes\nIBS, IBD, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s\narthritis, osteoporosis\ncardiovascular\nkidney disease\ncancer\nobesity\nbehavioral problems\/mental disease\n\nGI Flow Chart\n
              \n\t
            1. mouth<\/li>\n\t
            2. esophagus<\/li>\n\t
            3. stomach (1 liter capacity)\u00a0 Remains here up to 3 hours<\/li>\n\t
            4. small intestine\u00a0 Absorption of nutrients Food is here about 3 hours<\/li>\n\t
            5. large intestines\u00a0 Water reabsorption Feces formation Food remains here 72 hours<\/li>\n\t
            6. rectum<\/li>\n\t
            7. anus<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nProbiotics – microbes which inhabit our guts\n\nBenefits\n\nAlleviates lactose intolerance\nallergies\nreduce risk of colon cancer\nboost the immune system ex. fruto-oligosacharides\n\nGood dairy sourced\n\nExample of probiotic bacteria\n
                \n\t
              1. lacto bachillus<\/li>\n\t
              2. acidophilus<\/li>\n\t
              3. bifidos<\/li>\n<\/ol>\ndysbiosis imbalance between good & bad microbes in our gut\n\nPrebiotics – the food tat feed the probiotic microbes\n\nAromatic foods – onions, garlic, mushrooms & leeks, berries, grains, artichokes\n\nFood labels\n\nfructans, inulin, galactin, pectin, plants\n\nWhole grains\n\nGrains that have the husk intact.\u00a0 The outer husk contains all of the grains (95%) + fiber; 80% of the grain vitamins & mineral\n\nBenefits\n
                  \n\t
                1. alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance<\/li>\n\t
                2. help in the treatment of Type II Diabetes<\/li>\n\t
                3. helps in cancer<\/li>\n\t
                4. help in colon, prostrate cancer<\/li>\n\t
                5. reduce obesity<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n3 servings per day is recommended\nserving size\n1 slice of bread\n1 bagel\n4 pancakes (4″)\n6 crackers\nmedium bowl of grits or oatmeal\n\nsymbol for whole grain\n\n\"whole\n\n*Rice*\n#1 staple food worldwide\n80% of the rice in grown here\n27 varieties and color\n\nBenefits\n
                    \n\t
                  1. contains 15 vitamins & minerals (B vitamins & folate)<\/li>\n\t
                  2. no cholesterol<\/li>\n\t
                  3. no trans fat<\/li>\n\t
                  4. no salt<\/li>\n\t
                  5. resistant starch, not converted to sugar<\/li>\n\t
                  6. slowly digested starch – has a slow, gradual rise in blood glucose levels<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nWild rice is seeds of marsh plants that grow in sandy bottom lakes – very prominent in Mid-West, staple of Native American diets for centuries\n\n*Proteins 50-65 grams\/day\n\nFunctions\n
                      \n\t
                    1. transport “O2 & Iron”<\/li>\n\t
                    2. hormones<\/li>\n\t
                    3. enzymes<\/li>\n\t
                    4. visual process<\/li>\n\t
                    5. immune system<\/li>\n\t
                    6. clotting<\/li>\n\t
                    7. fluid balance<\/li>\n\t
                    8. glucose formation<\/li>\n\t
                    9. energy – 4k\/day<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n*Building blocks of proteins are amino acids.\u00a0 These are 20 in total.\u00a0 Body make 11 non essential.\u00a0 Essential 9 amino acids\n\n*All or None Principle – All essential acids must be present or no amino acids can be mode or used.\n\nhig\"amino-acid-structure\"\n\n \n\nhigh quality or complete protein contains all nine of the amino acids\n\nlow quality or incomplete proteins lacks 1 or more amino acids\n\nDenaturation\naltering the three dimensional structure of protein\n
                        \n\t
                      1. acid<\/li>\n\t
                      2. salt<\/li>\n\t
                      3. cooking heat<\/li>\n\t
                      4. shaken or agitate<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nMost protein dense food is?\u00a0 Tuna\u00a0 Followed by Eggs, avocado, whole milk, hard cheeses\n\nCan too much protein cause harm?\n* increase calcium loss\nincrease cardiovascular disease\nlinks to colon cancer\n\nCan too little cause harm?\nFatigue\nmuscle weakness\nDisease marasmus (insufficient protein in daily diet)\u00a0 long term deficiency\nvictims have extreme muscle loss, fatigue, little or no fat stores, death can occur\n\nCarbohydrates 4 k cal grams of energy\n\nProvide energy & structure 3 main groups\n
                          \n\t
                        1. monosaccharides 1 sugar subunit\n
                            \n\t
                          1. glucose (dextrose)<\/li>\n\t
                          2. fructose (fruit sugar)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\t
                          3. disaccharides 2 sugar subunit\n
                              \n\t
                            1. sucrose (table sugar)<\/li>\n\t
                            2. lactose (dairy)<\/li>\n\t
                            3. maltose (starches)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\t
                            4. polysaccharides 3 or more sugar subunits\n
                                \n\t
                              1. cellulose<\/li>\n\t
                              2. starch<\/li>\n\t
                              3. chitin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nphytobezoars\u00a0<\/span>Dietary fiber 60 grams\/day \u00a0 \u00a0 An excess of dietary fiber can lead to the formation of fiber ball in the stomach \u00a0 Can cause blockage of stomach & small intestines & can lead to death\n\nBenefits\n
                                  \n\t
                                1. Reduce obesity<\/li>\n\t
                                2. decrease the risk of colon cancer<\/li>\n\t
                                3. decrease the risk of diverticulitis<\/li>\n\t
                                4. decrease of cardiovascular disease<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nSweetness\n\n*Honey most prefect food; cannot spoil biocide especially against bacteria; don’t use with kids up to 18-20 months; contains spores of clostridium botulinum\n
                                    \n\t
                                  1. nutritive provide energy for the body\nex. sugars, sugar alcohols, sucrose, glucose, galactose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol (sugarless & dietetic candies)<\/li>\n\t
                                  2. Alternative doesn’t provide energy for the body (no health issues)\n
                                      \n\t
                                    1. saccharin (diet drinks)<\/li>\n\t
                                    2. aspartame (NutraSweet when added to food; equal when sold as a powder)<\/li>\n\t
                                    3. acesulfame-K (gum, powder drink)<\/li>\n\t
                                    4. cyclamate (in Canada)<\/li>\n\t
                                    5. sucralose 600x sweeter than sucrose<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nWays to reduce simple sugar intake\n
                                        \n\t
                                      1. eat fresh fruit or fruits packed in light syrup<\/li>\n\t
                                      2. buy fewer foods high in sugar (prepared baked goods)<\/li>\n\t
                                      3. buy reduced fat microwavable popcorn<\/li>\n\t
                                      4. use more homemade items<\/li>\n\t
                                      5. cut back on sugar punches or pops<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nCarbs – Fiber\n\n1\/3 of all plant matter is made of cellulose (polysaccharide).\u00a0 It consists of several hundred to 10,000 glucose subunits.\u00a0 These glucose subunits are held together by beta-glycosidic bonds.\u00a0 Our human digestive system cannot easily breakdown cellulose.\u00a0 Our body each an enzyme called cellulase that breaks down cellulose.\u00a0 Human have amylase (enzyme).\u00a0 Amylase will practically breakdown in glycosidic bonds cellulose.\u00a0 It breaks the bonds in Alpha 1,4 & Alpha 1,6.\n\nTypes of fibers\n\nInsoluble\n
                                          \n\t
                                        1. metabolically inert, influence absorption of nutrients\u00a0 (contain water) Act as scrub brush<\/li>\n\t
                                        2. lower GI tract, prevent diverticula & colon cancer<\/li>\n\t
                                        3. contain water will absorb excess water that is present & swell – soften the stool<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nSoluble\n
                                            \n\t
                                          1. Fibers made of polysaccharide such as pectin Found between plant cell wall layers<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nIt is somewhat gelatin like.\u00a0 What it does is form a gel-like suspension in the blood.\u00a0 This suspension, also, slows down the absorption of carbohydrates.\u00a0 Thus, preventing a rapid upswing of blood glucose.\n\nWhy do we get gas from ingest fibers?\nFermentation is occurring in your gut by bacteria & by product of this process in Carbon Dioxide gas.\nFolate\nFolic Acid\n\nVitamin\n
                                              \n\t
                                            1. Essential organic substances needed in small amounts<\/li>\n\t
                                            2. individual units that are linked together<\/li>\n\t
                                            3. yield no energy<\/li>\n\t
                                            4. aid enzymes that participate in energy release<\/li>\n\t
                                            5. a few are made in our body, but in very small amounts (biotin, D, K, niacin)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n2 main groups\n
                                                \n\t
                                              1. water soluble dissolve in water, move directly into the blood, travel freely in the blood \u00a0 Bs, C, thiamin, folate, riboflavin<\/li>\n\t
                                              2. fat soluble dissolve in ether or benzene enter the lymph, then enters the blood.\u00a0 It does not travel freely.\u00a0 Needs a transport protein\u00a0 A,D, E, K<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nTips for preserving the vitamin content in food.\n
                                                  \n\t
                                                1. Keep fruits & vegetables cool<\/li>\n\t
                                                2. Refrigerate in moisture proof container<\/li>\n\t
                                                3. Avoid & cutting unless serving 3 or 4 hours<\/li>\n\t
                                                4. microwave, steam or wok cook<\/li>\n\t
                                                5. no baking soda to vegetables<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nSupplements\n\nNot regulated by the Federal government.\u00a0 A voluntary organization USP (US Pharmacoepiae) USP standards – quality, purity, dissolution, strength\n\nCannot make a specific health claim.\u00a0 Ex. Lower blood pressure\nThey can make a general health claim.\u00a0 Ex. Improves general cardiovascular health.\n\nLabel<\/span>\nHerb\nMineral\nVitamin\nAmino Acid\n\nThere is no PABA (para amino benzoic) or Bee Pollen.\n\nVitamin D\n\nIf you acquire vitamin D as a supplement in food, it must be processed by the liver and kidneys.\u00a0 Once it is processed it is now in an active form.\u00a0 In its active form, it’s no longer vitamin, but a hormone.\u00a0 In this hormonal stage, it can turn genes on and off.\n\nHeart, brain, immune system all contain vitamin D receptors and what the vitamin does in these places is it protects as anti-inflammatory product and immune boosting capabilities.\u00a0 15-30 minutes of sun exposure = 10,000 IU’s of Vitamin D.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                  A note about these archived materials This page preserves study notes prepared during earlier coursework. It has not been comprehensively revised to reflect current clinical, scientific, testing, or regulatory standards. It is provided for educational and historical reference only\u2014not as medical advice, a treatment guide, or a substitute for current course materials and authoritative health […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132804860,"featured_media":9165,"parent":9158,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-111","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P9vUsN-1N","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132804860"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16190,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/111\/revisions\/16190"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9158"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-all-about-you.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}